Isolation of Nucleic acids
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Cloning and Applications
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Cloning: The term cloning describes a number of different processes that can be used to produce genetically identical copies of a biological entity. The copied material, which has the same genetic makeup as the original, is referred to as a clone. Researchers have cloned a wide range of biological materials, including genes , cells , tissues and even entire organisms, such as a sheep. Natural Cloning In nature, some plants and single-celled organisms, such as bacteria , produce genetically identical offspring through a process called asexual reproduction. In asexual reproduction, a new individual is generated from a copy of a single cell from the parent organism. Types of Artificial Cloning Three different types of artificial cloning: Gene cloning - produces copies of genes or segments of DNA. Reproductive cloning - produces copies of whole animals. Therapeutic cloning - produces embryonic stem cells for experiments aimed at creat...
Chromatography
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CHROMATOGRAPHY Introduction Chromatography is the techniques used for the separation and identification of biomolecules. Most effective technique for isolating and purifying all types of biomolecules. It is widely used as an analytical tool to measure quantitative properties. Principle Chromatography are based on very simple principle. The sample to be examined is called the solute, is allowed to interact with two physically distinct entities – a mobile phase and a stationary phase. The mobile phase, which may be a gas or liquid, moves the sample through a region containing the solid or liquid stationary phase called the sorbent. The stationary phase varies from one chromatographic method to another. Considered as having the ability to “bind” some types of solutes. The sample, which may contain one or many molecular components comes into contact with the stationary phase. The components distribute themselves between the mobile and stationary phase. If som...